
Well here we are again, one year later and back on exactly the same topic again--doping in professional cycling. After a year, Floyd Landis is still awaiting his fate, although it's not looking so good for him. I don't know about Landis, I used to think that he was innocent (maybe I just wanted to believe that after watching his performance in last year's tour) but as time goes on and I watch, listen and read what he and his defense team are saying, I am not so sure. Either way, the scandal over last year's tour winner certainly didn't stop riders from cheating this year.
Floyd Landis, after "bonking" (severly decreased performance due to lack of food or dehydration) on stage 16 on the assent up La Toussuire in the 2006 Tour de France, lost over 10 minutes and his yellow jersey (tour lead) on his way down to 11th place overall. Landis came back the next day on stage 17 which included two category 1 climbs and an HC climb--the well-known Col de Joux-Plane, to destroy the competition. In legendary fashion, he led a solo breakaway for 120KM that put him back in third place overall, just 30 seconds behind the new tour leader Oscar Pereiro. Landis would destroy both men ahead of him on the 57KM time trail the next day to reclaim the yellow jersey once again. Unfortunately for Landis, just five days after his tour victory, a urine sample taken after stage 17 came back positive for an abnormally high ratio of testosterone to epitestosterone or T/E (Landis had an 11:1 ratio, the maximum legal level is 4:1) and the presence of synthetic testosterone. The back-up urine sample came back positive as well. While the controversy rages on, Landis still awaits the verdict from the USADA.
Last year just days before the start of the 2006 edition of the Tour de France, several of the top cyclists were barred from competing in the tour due to their involvement with a blood doping ring, dubbed "Operacion Puerto." This ring, headed by the infamous doctor Fuentes, implicated over 200 professional athletes--including over a dozen professional cyclists--of blood doping or the use of other banned substances.
The most popular, and common, drug used by cyclists to cheat is known as "EPO," which stands for Erythroprotien. Erythroprotien is actually a hormone that is synthesized in the kidneys and promotes the production of red blood cells. So how does this help cyclists? Well, red blood cells carry oxygen in the blood stream to the muscles. Therefore, the more red blood cells you have, the more oxygen your body can deliver to your muscles, improving your athletic performance. The advantages of getting more oxygen to your muscles are increased endurance and a higher lactate threshold (the point at which your body cannot remove lactic acid away from your muscles as fast as it is being produced, resulting in severely decreased performance and pain), to name a few. Pre-doped blood is transfused into cyclists, increasing their red blood cell count, and the advantage will remain for up to six weeks. These cyclists will then train hard to further increase their performance and up their lactate threshold. Some cyclists will go to the mountains for high altitude training, to further exploit the benefits of their thickened blood.
Unfortunately, while EPO has been a rampant problem in cycling dating back to the early 1990's, testing for this type of doping only came about around the year 2000. Furthermore, the test must be done within six days of the EPO being administered for it to be effective. Professional cycling has been riddled with doping problems for decades, and while we don't need to go into all the gory details here of cycling's past EPO/doping scandals, do not forget about the more major doping events in recent years, including Dr. Ferrari, Festina, Marco Pantani, Ivan Gotti, Dario Frigo, and the recent admissions from Bjarne Riis, David Millar and Frankie Andreu. That's just the tippy-top of the iceberg. It is a snowball effect--when pro cyclists began to cheat, everybody else had two choices: either dope to keep up with all the other cheating cyclists, or stay clean and watch as their unethical, slimy competitors win everything around them, putting them in danger of loosing their livelihood as a pro cyclist. When looked upon from that aspect, it gives you an idea why, once the cheating became widespread, so many cyclists joined in.
Back to the topic at hand, Operacion Puerto implicated several top contenders in the 2006 Tour de France, including Jan Ullrich--Lance Armstrong's number one rival. Ullrich was the first German to ever win the tour (1997) and had five 2nd place finishes in the Tour de France, three behind Lance. Ullrich was a favorite to win now that Lance had finally retired. Others to be named in Operacion Puerto included Francisco Mancebo, Tyler Hamilton (already on suspension for doping), Carlos Zarate, Oscar Sevilla, Jorg Jaksche and the young hopeful, Ivan Basso. Basso was a promising young Italian rider who after only a few years of being a professional cyclist had won the white jersey (best young cyclist) in the Tour de France (2002), and had 3 top-ten finishes in the Tour de France, including 3rd in 2004, and 2nd in 2005. The 2006 Tour de France was set to be an epic dual between Ullrich and Basso but, unfortunately, both cyclists were kicked out just days before the event.
In the time since Operacion Puerto, Jan Ullrich has retired, still avidly deffending himself against the claims that he was doping. Ivan Basso, after being released by Team CSC, signed to Team Discovery Channel in December of 2006. On May 1 2007, Ivan Basso asked to be released of his contract with Team Discovery after his Operacion Puerto case had been re-opened by the Italian Olympic Commitee. Less than a week later, during hearings for that case, Basso admitted that he was involved with Operacion Puerto and was seeking blood doping. He has been banned from professional cycling for two years.
So, after all this, all the scandals and cheaters and a new "revolution" in professional cycling, where cheating and doping will not be tolerated, what happens? Well the tour starts off without a hitch, with record crowds showing up to view this amazing sporting event. However, it is only 11 days into the 23 days of the tour before our first tangle with doping. It was relased that T-Mobile rider Patrik Sinkewitz had tested positive for doping one month before the tour, at the time of the release, Sinkewitz had already dropped out of the tour due to an injury. Then on July 24th, a shocking news release--Team Astana, leading the tour at the time, had withdrawn from the competition. After winning the indivdual time trial in Albi just three days earlier, pre-race favorite Alexander Vinokourov tested positive for an illegal blood transfusion (EPO). In addition to Vinokourov, it would be revealed after the tour was over that Andrey Kashechkin, another member of the Astana team also tested positive for blood doping. Everyone was shocked and distraught--after all the anti-doping measures and scare tactics, a tour favorite is kicked out.
Just when you thought the worst was over, and it was time to continue on with the tour, the biggest blow of them all hits the Tour de France. Not long after race leader Michael Rasmussen, wearing the yellow jersey, wins Stage 16, on July 25th (the day after Vinokourov and Astana are removed), Rassmussen's Rabobank team dissapears overnight--the entire team packed up and left. It turns out that Rassmussen had lied regarding his whereabouts durring pre-tour training. Rassmussen had said he couldn't get to his team (anti-doping) drug testing in the months before the tour because he was on vacation with his wife and family in Mexico. During the tour, one of the TV announcers, and former pro cyclist, Davide Cassani, informed the team that he had seen Rasmussen in the Dolomites (Dolomiti Mountains, Italy) training for at least two days at the same time Rasmussen was claiming to have been in Mexico. Because Rasmussen had lied and could not prove to the team that he had indeed been in Mexico, the team (not the tour officials) removed him from the tour and left the event. Now there is no hard proof saying that Rasmussen did or did not dope his blood. However, let us remember that the Dolomiti mountains in Italy are famous for their close proximity to the nefarious doctors who supply EPO and other forms of doping. Either way, the news shocked everyone. Just as the cycling community was trying to get over the news that a tour favorite had cheated his way to a major stage win, we find out that the overall leader of the tour (and at that point a sure favorite to win the whole thing) has been removed on suspicion of cheating. Wow.
Let's take a brief look at the top three finishers in this year's tour. I personally do not believe that any of the three cheated or have cheated in pro cycling. First we have the winner, hailing from Spain, Alberto Contador. In relation to the other two top finishers, Contador draws the most suspicion. This is for two reasons, first, because he was initially named in Operacion Puerto back in 2006, and second because of his stellar performance. However, on the subject of Puerto, he was cleared of all charges and his file has not been re-opened since. As far as his comments on being named in the scandal, Contador claims he was on the wrong team at the wrong time--which makes sense to me. Second, as far as his performance is concerned, I believe that was legit as well. Contador rode a consistent race and in my opinion did not show any "super-human" strengths. Before the '07 tour started, Johan Bruneel, director of Contador's Discovery Channel Team, commented on Alberto Contador's climbing abilities. Bruneel said that he had never seen a rider who was able to accelerate like Contador on such steep climbs before. The young Spaniard is a known climbing specialist.
Think back, if you will, to those two mountain stages (15,16) where Contador and Rasmussen were challenging each other constantly. If look at the riders at the end of the stage near the finish, after over 80 miles of racing up mountains, Contador shows his signs of fatigue. His shoulders slump, his breathing is very heavy, his face is contorted--he doesn't have anything left with which to challenge Rasmussen. Rasmussen, on the other hand, looks cool, calm and collected and at the very end of the stage seems to have no problem sprinting to the line and destroying Contador in the last few Kilometers. While Rasmussen has always been a good climber as well, his climbing ability in this year's tour was way beyond his past efforts. He may have been able to win a mountain stage in the past, one good day where he would take a few minutes out of his opponents. However, his opponents would never bother to catch him because he wasn't a GC (General Contention) threat. Never before has Rasmussen been able to climb and take several minutes out of his opponents, day after day, in the Alps and Pyrenees like he did this year. Furthermore, Rasmussen's time trailing abilities surged way beyond what they have been in previous years. Rasmussen's coach said they were working on his time trailing abilities, however the gain in performance was simply amazing. In the time trial at Albi (Stage 13), before the Pyrenees, Rasmussen finished an amazing 11th overall and overtook one of his rivals Alejandro Valverde in the final few kilometers. Everyone was impressed by the superb performance that allowed Rasmussen to keep the yellow jersey on his back for the coming mountain stages. However, in retrospect, perhaps that performance was a little too amazing.
Second place in the 2007 Tour de France went to a well known Australian cyclist named Cadel Evans. A former pro mountain biker, turned pro-road cyclist, Evans has had his share of victories, including winning the 2004 Tour of Austria, the 2006 Tour de Romandie as well as two top-ten finishes in the Tour de France--8th in 2005 and 5th in 2006. The 30 year-old Evans is the first ever Australian to reach the podium at the Tour de France. Evans himself has never been accused of doping or cheating and has never tested positive for any type of doping. Furthermore, his steady progression up through pro-cycling reinforces his cleanliness.
In third place overall, sits an American who is a gentleman and a leader, Levi Leipheimer. Leipheimer has been a pro since 1997, and has had several major tour wins to his name. Leipheimer was the U.S. Time trial national champion in 1999, has won the Tour de Beauce twice (1998,1999), has four top-ten finishes in the Tour de France including his 3rd place this year, he won the Deutschland tour in 2005, was 2nd overall in the Tour de Georgia in 2005 and 3rd overall in the Dauphine Libere that same year, he won the Dauphine Libere and came in 2nd overall in the Deutschland tour in 2006, and won the Tour de California (his home state) earlier this year. Like Cadel Evans, Leipheimer has progressed naturally through the sport and has never been accused of, nor tested positive for any type of doping or cheating. To further bolster both Leipheimer and Contador's case, the Discovery Channel team and it's predecessor, U.S. Postal, have never had a rider test positive for doping. Johan Bruneel is a strict team director and from what we can see, is a clean team director--a team leader at Discovery is not likely to be cheating.
In the time since the tour, more bad news for cycling has surfaced. On July 30th, the UCI announced that the popular Spanish rider from the Saunier Duval team, Iban Mayo, tested positive for EPO on one of the tour's rest days. We await the B-sample to confirm Mayo's innocence or guilt. Alberto Contador can not get away from critics who are suspicious, due to his initial implication in Operacion Puerto. On Wednesday August 8th, organizers of the Hamburg Cyclassics announced that Alberto Contador was not welcome to compete in their event due to his name being associated with Operacion Puerto. That Friday, August 10th, two more breaking news stories unfolded. In Madrid, Alberto Contador held a press conference where he re-stated his innocence, saying "I have never committed a doping offense. I've never been involved in any act of doping...My promise against doping is absolute." Contador also added, "I am available to all competent authorities in the matter of doping, and will answer any questions, including providing my DNA."
That same day, Discovery Channel announced the team will be disbanding after the 2007 season. Discovery citied a lack of leadership in the sport, constant doping allegations and trouble finding sponsors as it's reasoning for leaving the sport. Discovery is far from the first sponsor to leave cycling because of doping. Dozens of sponsors have pulled out in the last decade due to their team's involvement with doping. This is the ultimate cost of doping--sponsors taking their money and walking, further weakening a sport that is already on the brink. It's a downward spiral that all stems from cheating. Let's hope for the best.